경고 : 최신판이 아닙니다. 이 문서의 오래된 판을 편집하고 있습니다. 이것을 저장하면, 이 판 이후로 바뀐 모든 편집이 사라집니다. 로그인하고 있지 않습니다. 편집하면 당신의 IP 주소가 공개적으로 기록됩니다. 계정을 만들고 로그인하면 편집 시 사용자 이름만 보이며, 위키 이용에 여러 가지 편의가 주어집니다.스팸 방지 검사입니다. 이것을 입력하지 마세요!{{번역필요|en}} {{작업중}} {{인물 정보 |국적 = 미국 |그림 = Kenneth_Waltz.jpg |caption = |이름 = 케네스 닐 월츠<br/>(Kenneth Neal Waltz) |출생일 = {{출생일|1924|06|08}} |출생지 = 미시건 주 앤 아보르(Ann Arbor) |사망일 = {{사망일과 나이|2013|5|12|1924|6|8}} |사망지 = [[뉴욕]] |학력 = 학부 - 오벌린대학(Oberlin College) <br/> 대학원 - 컬럼비아 대학교(Columbia University) |직업 = 국제정치학자 |배우자= 헬렌 엘리자베스 린즐리(Helen Elizabeth Lindsley) <!-- 이하는 이후 참고(할지는 모르겠지만)를 위해 남겨둡니다.--> |school_tradition = [[Neorealism (international relations)|Neorealism]] |main_interests = [[International security]], [[nuclear security]], [[anarchy in international relations|anarchy]] |influences = [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]], [[Niccolò Machiavelli|Machiavelli]], [[Thomas Hobbes|Hobbes]], [[Reinhold Niebuhr|Niebuhr]] |influenced = [[Stephen Walt|Walt]], [[John Mearsheimer|Mearsheimer]], [[Robert Jervis|Jervis]], [[Joseph Nye|Nye]], [[Robert Keohane|Keohane]], [[Robert Gilpin|Gilpin]], [[Fareed Zakaria|Zakaria]] |notable_ideas = [[Structural realism]], [[defensive realism]] }} '''케네스 닐 월츠'''(Kenneth Neal Waltz)([[1924년]] [[6월 8일]] ~ [[2013년]] [[5월 12일]]<ref name="nyt-obit">{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/19/us/kenneth-n-waltz-who-helped-shape-international-relations-as-a-discipline-dies-at-88.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | title=Kenneth Waltz, Foreign-Relations Expert, Dies at 88 | first=Douglas | last=Martin | date=May 19, 2013 | page=A22}} </ref>)는 미국의 정치학자로, 캘리포니아 대학교 버클리(University of California, Berkeley)와 컬럼비아 대학교(Columbia University)의 교수이자 [[국제정치학]] 분야에서 가장 저명한 학자 중 하나였다.<ref>Susan Peterson and Michael J. Tierney with Daniel Maliniak (August 2005). [http://mjtier.people.wm.edu/intlpolitics/teaching/surveyreport.pdf Teaching and Research Practices, Views on the Discipline, and Policy Attitudes of International Relations Faculty at U.S. Colleges and Universities]</ref> [[제2차세계대전]]과 [[한국전쟁]]에 참전한 경력도 있다.<ref name="siwps">{{cite web|title=Kenneth N. Waltz (1924 – 2013)|url=http://www.siwps.org/faculty/kennethnwaltz/|publisher=[[Arnold A. Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies]]|accessdate=19 November 2014|author=|date=}}</ref> Waltz was a founder of [[neorealism (international relations)|neorealism]], or structural realism, in [[international relations theory]]. Waltz's theories have been extensively debated within the field of international relations.<ref name="cu-award">{{cite news | url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/pr/00/03/kennethWaltz.html | title=Prof. Kenneth N. Waltz's Political Realism Wins James Madison Lifetime Achievement Award In Political Science | first=Jason | last=Hollander | date=March 28, 2000 | publisher=Office of Communications and Public Affairs, [[Columbia University]] }}</ref> In 1981, Waltz published a monograph arguing that the proliferation of nuclear weapons would increase the probability of international peace.<ref name="cu-award"/><ref group="주석">n.b. The monograph was ''The Spread of Nuclear Weapons''. Waltz developed this theory in later publications, including one that argued peace in the Middle East would be secured if Iran were to acquire nuclear capability.</ref> [[Leslie H. Gelb]] has considered Waltz one of the "giants" who helped define the field of international relations as an academic discipline.<ref name="nyt-obit"/> Columbia University colleague [[Robert Jervis]] has said of Waltz, "Almost everything he has written challenges the consensus that prevailed at the time"<ref name="cu-award"/> and "Even when you disagree, he moves your thinking ahead."<ref name="nyt-obit"/> ==Early life, education, and military service== Waltz was born on June 8, 1924, in [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]].<ref name="nyt-obit"/> He grew up and attended high school there. He then attended [[Oberlin College]], where he started out majoring in mathematics.<ref name="conv-background"/> That was interrupted to serve in the [[Army of the United States]] from 1944–46 during [[World War II]],<ref name="whos-84">{{cite book | title=Who's Who in America 1984–1985 Volume 2 | edition=43rd | publisher=[[Marquis Who's Who]] | location=Chicago | year=1984 | page=3394}}</ref> during which time he rose in rank from private to first lieutenant. He graduated from Oberlin with an [[Bachelor of Arts|A.B.]] degree in 1948,<ref name="whos-84"/> having switched his major to economics.<ref name="conv-background"/> He was a [[Phi Beta Kappa]]<ref name="whos-84"/> and also named an Amos Miller Scholar. In 1949 he married Helen Elizabeth Lindsley,<ref name="whos-84"/> known as "Huddie". They had three children together.<ref name="whos-84"/> After attending [[Columbia University]] to obtain an upper graduate degree in economics, he switched to political science because [[political philosophy]] was more interesting to him.<ref name="conv-background">{{cite web|title=Theory and International Politics: Conversation with Kenneth N. Waltz: Background|url=http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people3/Waltz/waltz-con1.html|work=Conversations with History|publisher=[[Institute of International Studies]], [[University of California, Berkeley]]|accessdate=25 April 2012|first=Harry|last=Kreisler|date=February 10, 2003}}</ref> He received his [[Master of Arts|M.A.]] degree from there in 1950.<ref name="whos-84"/> He was an instructor at Oberlin for a while in 1950. A member of the [[United States Army Reserve|Army Reserve]], he was called upon to serve again during the [[Korean War]],<ref name="nyt-obit"/> which he did during 1951–52<ref name="whos-84"/> as a first lieutenant. Returning to Columbia, he obtained his [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] in 1954.<ref name="whos-84"/> ==Academic career== Waltz became a lecturer, then assistant professor, at Columbia during 1953–57.<ref name="whos-84"/> He became one of the early group of scholars at Columbia's [[Institute of War and Peace Studies]], acting as a research assistant from 1952–54 and a research associate beginning in 1954. Later saying that he and his wife had been unsettled by the prospect of raising small children in New York City,<ref name="cu-award"/> Waltz left Columbia for [[Swarthmore College]], where he was an assistant professor, then professor, from 1957–66.<ref name="whos-84"/> He then moved on to [[Brandeis University]] for a stint from 1966–71, the last four years of which he held the Adlai E. Stevenson Professor of International Politics chair.<ref name="whos-84"/> In 1971, Waltz switched coasts and joined [[University of California, Berkeley]], where he was appointed the Ford Professor of Political Science<ref name="whos-84"/> and stayed for over two decades. During this time, Waltz held a number of additional research positions. He was affiliated with the Institute of War and Peace Studies through 1964. He was a fellow of Columbia University in Political Theory and International Relations during 1959–60 in London. He was a research associate at [[Center for International Affairs]] at [[Harvard University]] during 1963–64, 1968–69, and 1972. He held a [[National Science Foundation]] grant during 1968–71<ref name="whos-84"/> to develop a theory of international politics. He was a [[Guggenheim Fellow]] for 1976–77<ref name="whos-84"/> and a fellow at the Institute for the Study of World Politics in 1977. He was a fellow at the [[Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars]] during 1979–80.<ref name="whos-84"/> He subsequently was a research associate with the [[Department of War Studies, King's College London]].<ref name="siwps"/> Waltz taught at [[Peking University]] for two months in 1982<ref name="whos-84"/> and later taught at [[Fudan University]] as well.<ref name="siwps"/> He lectured at a number of institutions in the U.S., including the [[United States Air Force Academy]],<ref name="siwps"/> the [[National War College]], the [[United States Army War College|Army War College]], and the [[Naval War College]]. Similarly, he lectured at many other institutions around the world, including the [[London School of Economics]], the [[Australian National University]], and the [[University of Bologna]].<ref name="siwps"/> Waltz retired from his position at Berkeley and returned to Columbia University in 1997.<ref name="siwps"/><ref name="cu-award"/> There he became an adjunct professor as well as a senior research scholar at the Institute of War and Peace Studies.<ref name="siwps"/> Waltz served as Secretary of the [[American Political Science Association]] during 1966–67<ref name="whos-84"/> and then as its President in 1987–1988.<ref name="nyt-obit"/> He was President of the New England Section of the [[International Studies Association]] during 1966–67.<ref name="whos-84"/> He was a Fellow of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]].<ref name="whos-84"/> He served stints on the boards of editors of several scholarly journals ... ==Levels of analysis== Waltz's initial contribution to the field of international relations was his 1959 book, ''[[Man, the State, and War]]'', which was based upon his dissertation,<ref name="nyt-obit"/> which classified theories of the causes of war into three categories, or levels of analysis.<ref name="cu-award"/> Waltz refers to these levels of analysis as "images," and uses the writings of one or more classic political philosophers to outline the major points of each image. Each image is given two chapters: the first mainly uses the classical philosopher's writings to describe what that image says about the cause of war; the second usually consists of Waltz analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of that image. The first image argues that wars are often caused by the nature of particular statesmen and political leaders such as state leaders – example like [[Napoleon]] – or by human nature more generally. This is basically consistent with Classical Realism, which dominated the International Relations discipline at the time of ''Man, the State, and War'' but which Waltz would contest more fully in his next book, ''Theory of International Politics''. Theories of war that fall under the rubric of Waltz's second image contend that wars are caused by the domestic makeup of states. A prime example that Waltz refers to is Lenin's theory of imperialism, which posits that the main cause of war is rooted in the need for capitalist states to continue opening up new markets in order to perpetuate their economic system at home. A more familiar example in the Western world today is the notion that non-democratic states, because of their internal composition, start wars. Waltz next assesses the first two images as being less influential in general than the third image, yet ultimately necessary in understanding the causes of War. The third image posits that the cause of war is found at the systemic level; namely, that the anarchic structure of the international system is the root cause of war. In this context, "anarchy" is not defined as a condition of chaos or disorder but rather one in which there is no sovereign body that governs the interactions between autonomous nation-states. Put differently, unlike in domestic society where citizens can theoretically rely on law enforcement agencies to protect their persons and property, if a state is invaded and calls "911" it can't be sure anyone will answer. Similarly, whereas when two citizens have a dispute they can appeal to the courts to render a verdict and, more importantly, the law enforcement agencies to enforce the court's ruling, there is no body above nation-states that is capable of: establishing rules or laws for all the states, deciding how these apply in specific cases, and compelling the states to honor the court's ruling. As a result, if an issue at stake is important enough to a state, it can achieve a satisfactory outcome only by using its power to impose its will on another state(s). The realization that, at any point in time any state can resort to armed force, forces each state always be prepared for that contingency. These themes are fleshed out more fully in ''Theory of International Politics'' which, as the title suggests, lays out a theory for international politics as a whole rather than the narrower focus on what causes war. ==Neorealism== {{Main|Neorealism (international relations)}} Waltz's key contribution to the realm of political science is in the creation of neorealism (or ''structural realism'', as he calls it), a theory of International Relations which posits that the interaction of sovereign states can be explained by the pressures exerted on them by the anarchic structure of the international system, which limits and constrains their choices. Neorealism thus aims to explain recurring patterns in international relations, such as why relations between Sparta and Athens resembled those between the U.S. and the USSR in some important ways. Waltz emphasizes repeatedly in this book and elsewhere that he is not creating a theory of foreign policy, which aims to explain the behavior or actions of a particular state at a specific time or throughout a period. A sizable amount of criticism of Waltz's balance-of-power theory has been made by scholars who find it unsatisfactory in explaining the foreign policy choices of particular states or in particular areas like nuclear proliferation. Waltz argues that the world exists in a state of perpetual international [[wiktionary:anarchy|anarchy]]. Waltz distinguishes the anarchy of the international environment from the order of the domestic one. In the domestic realm, all actors may appeal to, and be compelled by, a central authority – 'the state' or 'the government' – but in the international realm, no such source of order exists. The anarchy of international politics (its lack of a central enforcer) means that states must act in a way that ensures their security above all, or else risk falling behind. This is a fundamental fact of political life faced by democracies and dictatorships alike: except in rare cases, they cannot count on the good will of others to help them, so they must always be ready to fend for themselves. Waltz's usage of the term anarchy led to a fundamental discursive transformation in international relations, as IR scholars wrestled with Waltz's ideas. One study finds that the term "anarchy" occurred on average 6.9 times in IR books prior to 1979 but 35.5 times in IR books after 1979.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = The discourse of anarchy in IR|url = http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S1752971915000111|journal = International Theory|date = 2015-11-01|issn = 1752-9727|pages = 393–425|volume = 7|issue = 03|doi = 10.1017/S1752971915000111|first = Jack|last = Donnelly}}</ref> Like most neorealists, Waltz accepts that [[globalization]] is posing new challenges to states, but he does not believe states are being replaced, because no other non-state actor can equal the capabilities of the state. Waltz has suggested that globalization is a fad of the 1990s and if anything the role of the state has expanded its functions in response to global transformations. Neorealism was Waltz's response to what he saw as the deficiencies of classical realism. Although the terms are sometimes used interchangeably, neorealism and realism have a number of fundamental differences. The main distinction between the two theories is that classical realism puts human nature, or the urge to dominate, at the center of its explanation for war, while neorealism stakes a reduced claim on human nature and argues instead that the pressures of anarchy tend to shape outcomes more directly than the human nature of statesmen and diplomats or domestic governmental preferences. Waltz's theory, as he explicitly makes clear in ''[[Theory of International Politics]]'', is not a theory of foreign policy and does not attempt to predict specific state actions, such as the collapse of the [[Soviet Union]]. The theory explains only general principles of behavior that govern relations between states in an anarchic international system, rather than specific actions. These recurring principles of behavior include balancing of power (the theory was refined by [[Stephen Walt]], modifying the "balance of power" concept to "balance of threat"), entering into individually competitive arms races, and exercising restraint in proportion to relative power. In ''Theory of International Politics'' (1979:6) Waltz suggests that explanation rather than prediction is expected from a good social science theory, since social scientists cannot run controlled experiments that give the natural sciences so much predictive power. ==Bibliography== * ''[[Man, the State, and War]]''. Columbia University Press. New York: 1959. * ''Foreign Policy and Democratic Politics: The American and British Experience''. Little, Brown and Company. New York: 1967. * ''[[Theory of International Politics]]''. McGraw Hill. New York: 1979. *''The Use of Force: Military Power and International Politics''. University Press of America. New York: 1983. (coauthored with Robert Art). * "Reflections on Theory of International Politics. A Response to My Critics" in: [[Robert Keohane|Keohane, Robert]]: ''Neorealism and Its Critics.'' 1986. * ''The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate Renewed''. W. W. Norton & Company. New York: 1995. * ''Realism and International Politics''. Routledge. 2008. ===Review=== *In ''Man, the State, and War'', Waltz proposes a three-images view of looking at international relations behavior. The first image was the individual and human nature; the second image the nation-state, and the third image the [[international system]]. *In ''Theory of International Politics'', Waltz elaborates many of the core principles of neorealist international relations theory, adopting a structural perspective that sets him apart from earlier (classical) realists like [[E.H. Carr]] and [[Hans Morgenthau]], and later giving rise to the Neoclassical realist movement ([[Randall Schweller]], [[Fareed Zakaria]], [[William Wohlforth|William C. Wohlforth]], Thomas J. Christensen, etc.) which tries to incorporate a structural component while emphasizing the state-society relationship that mitigates structural forces. (This book also popularized the term [[bandwagoning]].) *In ''The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate Renewed'', Waltz argues for the virtues of a world with more nuclear weapon states because of their power in [[nuclear deterrence]]. Sagan argued against the proliferation of nuclear weapons. See [[nuclear peace]]. ==Awards and honors== Waltz received the Heinz Eulau Award in 1991 for Best Article in the ''[[American Political Science Review]]'' during 1990 for "Nuclear Myths and Political Realities".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://oldapsa.apsanet.org/media/Heinz%20Eulau%20Awards.pdf | title=Heinz Eulau Award Recipients | publisher=[[American Political Science Association]] | accessdate=November 21, 2014}}</ref> He received the James Madison Award for "distinguished scholarly contributions to political science" from the [[American Political Science Association]] in 1999.<ref name="cu-award"/> The [[International Studies Association]] in 2010 named him their International Security Studies Section Distinguished Scholar.<ref name="siwps"/> In 2008, a conference in Waltz's honor was conducted by [[Aberystwyth University]], titled "The King of Thought: Theory, the Subject and Waltz".<ref name="nyt-obit"/> It celebrated the 50th anniversary of the publication of ''Man, the State, and War'' and the 30th anniversary of ''Theory of International Politics''.<ref name="siwps"/> Waltz received honorary doctorates from [[Copenhagen University]], [[Oberlin College]], [[Nankai University]], and [[Aberystwyth University]],<ref name="siwps"/> as well as from the [[University of Macedonia]] (Greece). ==Dissertation Award== The Kenneth N. Waltz Dissertation Award is a yearly award given by the [[American Political Science Association]] to the best defended dissertation on the study of international security and arms control. Students from around the country are allowed to submit their paper to the committee, which has four members. The committee accepts any style, whether its historical, quantitative, theoretical, policy analysis, etc.<ref>{{cite web|title=International Security and Arms Control|url=http://www.apsanet.org/content_5069.cfm|publisher=The American Political Science Association|accessdate=25 April 2012}}</ref> ==Bibliography== * "Contemporary mainstream approaches: neo-realism and neo-liberalism" by Steven L. Lamy, 2001. * "Leviathan" by Thomas Hobbes, 1651. See chapter 13. ==See also== {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} ===Classical realists=== * [[Thucydides]] * [[Niccolò Machiavelli]] * [[Thomas Hobbes]] * [[George F. Kennan]] * [[Hans Morgenthau]] {{col-break}} ===Neorealists=== * [[Christopher Layne]] * [[Joseph Grieco]] * [[Stephen D. Krasner]] * [[John J. Mearsheimer]] * [[Stephen Walt]] * [[Robert J. Art]] * [[Stephen Van Evera]] {{col-break}} ===Neoclassical realists=== * [[Randall Schweller]] * [[William Wohlforth]] * [[Thomas J. Christensen]] * [[Colin Dueck]] * [[Steven Lobell]] {{col-break}} ===Issues and theory=== * [[International relations]] * [[Neorealism (international relations)]] * [[Nuclear deterrence]] * [[Nuclear optimism]] * [[Nuclear proliferation]] {{col-end}} ==주석 및 각주== ; 주석 <references group="주석"/> ; 각주 <references/> ==External links== *{{wikiquote-inline}} *[http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people3/Waltz/waltz-con0.html Conversations with History] 2003 interview with Waltz by Harry Kreisler (video) *[http://www.theory-talks.org/2011/06/theory-talk-40.html Theory Talks] 2011 interview with Kenneth Waltz *[http://internationalrelationstheory.googlepages.com/articles_by_kenneth_waltz.htm Articles by Kenneth Waltz] *[http://www.annualreviews.org/page/audio#waltz Annual Reviews Conversations Interview with Kenneth Waltz] 2011 interview with Kenneth Waltz, conducted by James Fearon (video) *[http://thediplomat.com/2012/07/08/kenneth-waltz-on-why-iran-should-get-the-bomb/ The Diplomat Interviews Kenneth Waltz on "Why Iran Should get the Bomb"] 2012 interview with Waltz, conducted by Zachary Keck {{번역된 문서|en|Kenneth Waltz}} 요약: 리브레 위키에서의 모든 기여는 크리에이티브 커먼즈 저작자표시-동일조건변경허락 3.0 라이선스로 배포됩니다(자세한 내용에 대해서는 리브레 위키:저작권 문서를 읽어주세요). 만약 여기에 동의하지 않는다면 문서를 저장하지 말아 주세요. 글이 직접 작성되었거나 호환되는 라이선스인지 확인해주세요. 리그베다 위키, 나무위키, 오리위키, 구스위키, 디시위키 및 CCL 미적용 사이트 등에서 글을 가져오실 때는 본인이 문서의 유일한 기여자여야 하고, 만약 본인이 문서의 유일한 기여자라는 증거가 없다면 그 문서는 불시에 삭제될 수 있습니다. 취소 편집 도움말 (새 창에서 열림) | () [] [[]] {{}} {{{}}} · <!-- --> · [[분류:]] · [[파일:]] · [[미디어:]] · #넘겨주기 [[]] · {{ㅊ|}} · <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> · <includeonly></includeonly> · <noinclude></noinclude> · <br /> · <ref></ref> · {{각주}} · {|class="wikitable" · |- · rowspan=""| · colspan=""| · |} {{lang|}} · {{llang||}} · {{인용문|}} · {{인용문2|}} · {{유튜브|}} · {{다음팟|}} · {{니코|}} · {{토막글}} {{삭제|}} · {{특정판삭제|}}(이유를 적지 않을 경우 기각될 가능성이 높습니다. 반드시 이유를 적어주세요.) {{#expr:}} · {{#if:}} · {{#ifeq:}} · {{#iferror:}} · {{#ifexist:}} · {{#switch:}} · {{#time:}} · {{#timel:}} · {{#titleparts:}} __NOTOC__ · __FORCETOC__ · __TOC__ · {{PAGENAME}} · {{SITENAME}} · {{localurl:}} · {{fullurl:}} · {{ns:}} –(대시) ‘’(작은따옴표) “”(큰따옴표) ·(가운뎃점) …(말줄임표) ‽(물음느낌표) 〈〉(홑화살괄호) 《》(겹화살괄호) ± − × ÷ ≈ ≠ ∓ ≤ ≥ ∞ ¬ ¹ ² ³ ⁿ ¼ ½ ¾ § € £ ₩ ¥ ¢ † ‡ • ← → ↔ ‰ °C µ(마이크로) Å °(도) ′(분) ″(초) Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ(뮤) Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω · Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ · Ϊ ϊ Ϋ ϋ · ΐ ΰ Æ æ Đ(D with stroke) đ Ð(eth) ð ı Ł ł Ø ø Œ œ ß Þ þ · Á á Ć ć É é Í í Ĺ ĺ Ḿ ḿ Ń ń Ó ó Ŕ ŕ Ś ś Ú ú Ý ý Ź ź · À à È è Ì ì Ǹ ǹ Ò ò Ù ù · İ Ż ż ·  â Ĉ ĉ Ê ê Ĝ ĝ Ĥ ĥ Î î Ĵ ĵ Ô ô Ŝ ŝ Û û · Ä ä Ë ë Ï ï Ö ö Ü ü Ÿ ÿ · ǘ ǜ ǚ ǖ · caron/háček: Ǎ ǎ Č č Ď ď Ě ě Ǐ ǐ Ľ ľ Ň ň Ǒ ǒ Ř ř Š š Ť ť Ǔ ǔ Ž ž · breve: Ă ă Ğ ğ Ŏ ŏ Ŭ ŭ · Ā ā Ē ē Ī ī Ō ō Ū ū · à ã Ñ ñ Õ õ · Å å Ů ů · Ą ą Ę ę · Ç ç Ş ş Ţ ţ · Ő ő Ű ű · Ș ș Ț ț 이 문서에서 사용한 틀: 틀:Doi (원본 보기) (준보호됨)틀:ISBN (원본 보기) (준보호됨)틀:ISSN (원본 보기) (준보호됨)틀:Skin (원본 보기) (준보호됨)틀:Str left (편집) 틀:각주 (원본 보기) (준보호됨)틀:광고제거 (원본 보기) (보호됨)틀:국제정치학 둘러보기 (편집) 틀:깃발자료 미국 (원본 보기) (준보호됨)틀:나라 (원본 보기) (준보호됨)틀:나라/구현 (원본 보기) (준보호됨)틀:날짜 (원본 보기) (준보호됨)틀:뉴스 인용 (편집) 틀:둘러보기 상자 (원본 보기) (보호됨)틀:둘러보기 상자/중첩 (원본 보기) (준보호됨)틀:둘러보기 상자/핵심 (원본 보기) (보호됨)틀:번역된 문서 (원본 보기) (준보호됨)틀:사망일과 나이 (원본 보기) (준보호됨)틀:서적 인용 (편집) 틀:알림바 (원본 보기) (보호됨)틀:언어 이름 (편집) 틀:웹 인용 (편집) 틀:인물 정보 (원본 보기) (준보호됨)틀:저널 인용 (편집) 틀:정보상자 주제칸 (원본 보기) (준보호됨)틀:정보상자 칸 (원본 보기) (준보호됨)틀:정보상자 큰칸 (원본 보기) (준보호됨)틀:참고 (원본 보기) (준보호됨)틀:출생일 (원본 보기) (준보호됨)틀:틀바 (원본 보기) (준보호됨)이 문서는 다음의 숨은 분류 2개에 속해 있습니다: 분류:번역된 문서 분류:애드센스 제외 문서