Although Old Chinese is known from written records beginning around 1200 BC, the logographic script provides much more indirect and partial information about the pronunciation of the language than alphabetic systems used elsewhere. Several authors have produced reconstructions of Old Chinese phonology, beginning with the Swedish sinologist Bernard Karlgren in the 1940s and continuing to the present day. The method introduced by Karlgren is unique, comparing categories implied by ancient rhyming practice and the structure of Chinese characters with descriptions in medieval rhyme dictionaries, though more recent approaches have also incorporated other kinds of evidence.
Although the various notations appear to be very different, they correspond with each other on most points. By the 1970s, it was generally agreed that Old Chinese had fewer points of articulation than Middle Chinese, a set of voiceless sonorants, and labiovelar and labio-laryngeal initials. Since the 1990s, most authors have agreed on a six-vowel system and a re-organized system of liquids. Earlier systems proposed voiced final stops to account for contacts between stop-final syllables and other tones, but many investigators now believe that Old Chinese lacked tonal distinctions, with Middle Chinese tones derived from consonant clusters at the end of the syllable.
Phonetic series page of a Chinese dictionary, with headings in seal script and entries in conventional script Page from a copy of a Song dynasty edition of the Shuowen Jiezi, showing characters with the 言 element The logographic Chinese writing system does not use symbols for individual sounds as is done in an alphabetic system.[7] However, the vast majority of characters are phono-semantic compounds, in which a word is written by combining a character for a similarly sounding word with a semantic indicator. Often characters sharing a phonetic element (forming a phonetic series) are still pronounced alike, as in the character 中 (zhōng, 'middle'), which was adapted to write the words chōng ('pour', 沖) and zhōng ('loyal', 忠).[8] In other cases the words in a phonetic series have very different sounds both in Middle Chinese and in modern varieties. Since the sounds are assumed to have been similar at the time the characters were chosen, such relationships give clues to the lost sounds.[9]
The first systematic study of the structure of Chinese characters was Xu Shen's Shuowen Jiezi (100 AD).[10] The Shuowen was mostly based on the small seal script standardized in the Qin dynasty.[11] Earlier characters from oracle bones and Zhou bronze inscriptions often reveal relationships that were obscured in later forms.[12]
상고한어음과 중고한어음이 일치하지 않는 경우가 많다.
노비명 어엿분악기 於㖳粉岳其
어여쁜아기
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http://ko.glyphwiki.org/wiki/u7130-var-001
http://ko.glyphwiki.org/wiki/u7130
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한자사전 영어로 찾기
한자 문자개혁의 순서
- 일본국 신자체
- 중화인민공화국 신자형
- 중화인민공화국 제1간화자
중화인민공화국 제2간화자폐지- 대만 정체자
| 한자 | 현대 한국어 | 중세 한국어 (고증x) |
중고한어 | 현대한어 | 오음 | 한음 | 당음 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 長 | 장 | 댱(tiang) | ɖɨɐŋ | cháng | dyau(jō) | tyau(chō) | |
| 安 | 안 | 안 | ʔɑn | ān | an | an | |
| 上 | 상 | 샹 | d͡ʑɨɐŋH | shàng | zyau->jō | syau->shō | syan->shan |
한국어의 한자음은 중고한어와 근고한어의 중간인 것 같음. 오음은 중국 남북조시대에 들여온 한자음, 한음은 당나라 장안에서 들여온 한자음. 한국 한자음도 당나라에서 온 한자음.
- 安
- 안/ʔɑn/あん
- 長
- 장/댱/ɖɨɐŋ/dyau->jō/tyau->chō
- 上
- 상/d͡ʑɨɐŋH/zyau->jō/syau->shō/syan->shan
- 北
- 북
- 滿
- 만
- 覺
- 각
- 朔
- 삭
- 紅
- 홍
- 郞
- 랑
- 忽
- 홀
한자사전 우선 생성[편집 | 원본 편집]
강희자전 부수 생성 아래 문단에 이 부수가 들어간 한자.
추가할 한자[편집 | 원본 편집]
춘추전국시대 春秋戰國時代 일단 一旦 식물을 가리키는 한자 木 柑 橘 枾 草/艸 갑을병정무기경신임계 也야 부정사 無 无 不 푸른색 한자 碧靑 more 색을 나타내는 한자 褐 brown 精 정할 정 무언가를 정하다가 아니라 精하다 몰?루 精液, 精子, 受精, 精氣 前後左右 기본적인 한자도 없음 憩 쉴 게 좀 쉴게 姦 간음할 간 수간, 시간, 윤간 간신(奸臣) 長 目的, 目標 목표와 목적이 같은 것인지 아닌지 https://m.dcinside.com/board/dcbest/46843
한자성어[편집 | 원본 편집]
누울 자리를 보고 다리를 뻗어라 https://zetawiki.com/wiki/%EB%88%84%EC%9A%B8_%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC_%EB%B4%90_%EA%B0%80%EB%A9%B0_%EB%B0%9C%EC%9D%84_%EB%BB%97%EC%96%B4%EB%9D%BC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n3mxfemTPPQ 話說天下大勢 分久必合 合久必分 천하의 대세는 오랫동안 나뉘어있으면 합쳐지고 오랫동안 합쳐져있으면 분열된다. {한자성어 |分|나눌 분 |久|오랠 구 |必|반드시 필 |合|합할 합 |合|합할 합 |久|오랠 구 |必|반드시 필 |分|나눌 분} 역사적으로 중국 대륙은 통일과 분열을 반복하였다. 주나라의 제후국들이 독자적 세력을 누리던 춘추전국시대를 진이 통일하고 진이 다시 분열되고 통일한 한나라는 다시 여러 나라들로 분열되었다. 분구필합합구필분은 이런 중국 역사를 한 마디로 표현한 것이다. 이 성어는 다른 나라에도 적용 시킬 수 있다.