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Goldgrape (토론 | 기여)님의 2019년 10월 28일 (월) 13:49 판 (번역 시작)
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틀:Short description 틀:회사 정보

개요

구글 파이버(Google Fiber)는 알파벳의 액세스 디비전의 일부이다.[1] 초고속 인터넷과 케이블 텔레비전을 미국의 속도가 느린 작고 수많은 지역에 제공하는 FTTH(fiber-to-the-premises) 서비스를 제공한다.[2] 2016년 중순 기준으로 구글 파이버는 68,715명의 텔레비전 가입자를 보유하고 있으며 약 453,000명의 초고속 인터넷 고객들이 있는 것으로 짐작된다.[3]

이 서비스는 캔자스시티 메타폴리탄 에어리어에 처음 도입되었으며[4] 여기에는 처음 3년 내 20개의 캔자스시 교외지역을 포함한다. 처음에는 실험 프로젝트로 제안된[5] 구글 파이버는 2012년 12월 12일 실행 가능한 비즈니스 모델로 발표되었으며 당시 구글의 회장 에릭 슈미트는 "실제로는 실험이 아니며 우리는 이것을 비즈니스로 운영하고 있다"고 뉴욕 타임즈 딜북 콘퍼런스에서 언급하였다.[6]


구글 파이버는 2013년 4월 유타 주 프로보와 텍사스 주 오스틴으로의 확장을 발표하였고, 2014년과 2015년에 애틀란타, 샬럿, 트라이앵글, 내시빌, 솔트레이크시티, 샌안토니오로 추가 확장되었다.[7]


2015년 8월 10일, 구글은 회사 구조조정의 일환으로 덜 핵식점인 서비스들과 제품들을 새로운 산하 회사인 알파벳으로 이동한다고 발표하였다. 구조조정 계획의 일환으로 구글 파이버는 알파벳의 지사로 되면서 "액세스 앤드 에너지" 사업 부문의 일부가 된다.[8] 그러나 2016년 10월, 구글은 구글 파이버의 확장 계획을 보류하고 구조조정을 하여 일부 직원들이 해임되었다. 일단 현재까지 서비스하던 지역에서는 꾸준히 서비스 할 예정이라고 한다.

서비스

구글 파이버 도시 지도 (현재 솔트레이크시티, 샬럿, 롤리-더햄에서 구글 파이버를 이용할 수 있다)
구글 파이버 네트워크 박스

구글 파이버는 지역에 따라 최대 다섯가지의 옵션을 지원한다. 무료 인터넷 옵션, 100Mbps 옵션, 1Gbps옵션, 그리고 TV 서비스와 집전화가 포함된 옵션이 있다. 기가인터넷 서비스에 가입 시에는 1TB의 구글 드라이브 스토리지를 주며, 여기에 TV서비스까지 포함시키면 2TB짜리 디지털 비디오 레코더까지 준다. 해당 디지털 비디오 레코더는 8개의 라이브 방송을 시청할 수 있다. 게다가 아이패드, 안드로이드 기기, 그리고 태블릿 컴퓨터까지 스트리밍할 수 있다고 한다. 인터넷도 빠른데 사은품도 혜자

구글은 아래와 같은 몇가지 다른 서비스들을 제공한다.[9][10]

플랜 Fiber 1000 + TV (기가인터넷+TV) Fiber 1000 인터넷 (기가인터넷) Fiber 100 인터넷
인터넷 대역폭 (다운로드) 1 Gbit/s 1 Gbit/s 100 Mbit/s
인터넷 대역폭 (업로드) 1 Gbit/s 1 Gbit/s 100 Mbit/s
TV 서비스 포함 예 아니오 아니오
설치비 없음 없음 없음
월간 반복 발생 비용 $160 $70 $50
스토리지 포함 1 TB 구글 드라이브
2 TB DVR
(8 튜너)		 1 TB 구글 드라이브 없음
하드웨어 포함 네트워크 박스
TV 박스
TV 리모컨
8-튜너 DVR		 네트워크 박스 네트워크 박스


분포

구글은 지하 케이블망 설치의 수월함을 위해서 "구글 파이버 헛"(Google Fiber Huts)이라고 불리우는 애그리게이터들을 운용한다.

케이블은 파이버 헛으로부터 시작해서 유틸리티 폴을 거쳐 집과 집을 지나며 각 주택에 있는 "파이버 잭"이라고 불리는 광네트워크 터미널까지 이어진다.[11]

미국의 주요 도시에 구글 파이버 광케이블을 설치하는 데 드는 비용을 추산하면 약 10억 달러라고 한다.[12][13]


서비스 지역들

2011년, 구글은 캘리포니아의 팰로앨토에서 시범운영을 시작했다.[14] 같은 해 3월 30일, 캔사스의 캔사스시티가 구글 파이버를 가장 처음으로 서비스 받는 축복받은 지역이 되었다.[4] In 2013, Austin, Texas, and Provo, Utah, were announced as expansion cities for Google Fiber on April 9 and 17 respectively.

스탠퍼드 대학교

2011년 여름, 구글은 팰로 앨토의 스탠퍼드 대학교 주변의 주택가에서 무료 시범 서비스를 시작했다.[14]

캔사스시티

캔사스시티로 가는 구글 파이버

구글은 부유한 지역에서의 서비스 신청률이 높고, 빈곤한 지역에서는 무료 옵션조차도 가입률이 낮다는 사실을 발견했다. 이에 구글은 오히려 신청률이 낮은 지역에 적극적으로 광케이블망을 설치해야 겠다고 생각하고 신청률이 낮은 지역에 60명의 직원을 파견하여 구글 파이버를 홍보했다. 추가로 구글은 캔사스시티의 디지털 문맹 퇴치 프로그램에 투자해 주기까지 하였다.[15] 그냥 부유한 지역에서만 서비스 해도 될텐데 굳이 나서서 디지털 환경이 열약한 곳에 투자해주는 구글

The following are chronological announcements of service in the Kansas City metropolitan area. Neighborhoods are said to be selected based on demand:[16]

  • Kansas City, Kansas – On March 30, 2011, Kansas City, Kansas, was selected from over 1,100 applicants to be the first Google Fiber community.[4]
  • Kansas City, Missouri – On May 17, 2011,[17] Google announced the decision to include Kansas City, Missouri, thus offering service to both sides of the state line. The network became available to residents in September 2012.
  • Olathe, Kansas – On March 19, 2013, Google announced that the project would be expanded to Olathe.[18]
  • North Kansas City, Missouri – On April 19, 2013, Google announced that they were to begin a 20-year lease on dark fiber in the existing LiNKCity fiber network in North Kansas City.[19][19] The original news article was incomplete and later articles clarified the lease.[20] Independent of Google's network the system in North Kansas City will also be upgraded to Gigabit capacity and managed by a local company based out of North Kansas City.

틀:Colbegin

틀:Div col end Google placed deployment in Overland Park, Kansas, on indefinite hold in October 2013, following delays by the City Council over concerns about whether an indemnification clause that Google required might force the city to repair any damage caused by the project.[35] As of July 2014, Overland Park's City Council had voted on a deal that would allow for Google Fiber. Soon after, the city appeared on Google Fiber's website.[36]틀:Colend

Austin

  • Austin, Texas – On April 9, 2013, it was announced that Austin would become a Google Fiber City.[37]
  • On October 15, 2014, it was announced that Austin signups for Google Fiber would start in December 2014.[38]
  • On December 3, 2014, Google started taking registrations from residents and small businesses.[39]
  • Google Fiber store entrance, Austin

    Google Fiber store entrance, Austin

  • Google Fiber store, Austin

    Google Fiber store, Austin

  • Google Fiber store, Austin

    Google Fiber store, Austin

  • TV box and Network box at Google Fiber store, Austin

    TV box and Network box at Google Fiber store, Austin

Provo

  • Provo, Utah – On April 17, 2013, it was announced that Provo would become the third Google Fiber City.[40] Expansion of Google Fiber service to Provo, Utah will be accomplished through an agreement[41] with the City of Provo to allow Google to acquire the existing fiber network known as "iProvo". The agreement will allow Google to purchase the iProvo network for $1, while requiring Google to upgrade the aging network to gigabit capacity, offer free gigabit service to 25 local public institutions, and offer 5 Mbit/s service to every home in the city for free after a $300 activation fee.[42][43]

Salt Lake City

On March 24, 2015, Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into Salt Lake City, Utah. Service became available for signup on August 24, 2016.[44]

Charlotte

On July 12, 2016, sign-ups opened in Highland Creek (Charlotte neighborhood).[45]
On October 4, 2016, sign-ups opened in Prosperity Village.[46]

Atlanta

In the original announcement of 2015, the following areas were announced:[47]

In August 2016, sign-ups were opened.[48]

Research Triangle (Raleigh–Durham)

In the original announcement of 2015, the following areas of the Research Triangle were announced:[47]

On September 13, 2016, sign-ups opened.[49]

Nashville, Tennessee

The areas initially announced in February 2015 were:[47]

As of December 2016, construction is underway.[50] Sign-ups are open.

As of August 2017, Google Fiber announced that the Sylvan Park neighborhood in West Nashville had Google Fiber service officially operating, making Nashville a city currently with Google Fiber service.[51]

Announced future locations

California

On January 27, 2015, Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into additional markets:[47]

Irvine, California, previously announced separately, is in Orange County.

San Antonio, Texas

On April 14, 2016, Google sent a blast email to early adopters of Google Fiber announcing that they were indeed behind the visible construction across the city. A few details were given about the vast extent of the construction that was being undertaken, Google is in the process of deploying about 4,000 linear miles (6,500 km) of fiber-optic cable throughout San Antonio.[52] In advance of the imminent deployment of the new fiber network the direct competitors of Google Fiber, AT&T U-Verse, Time Warner Cable, and Grande Communications, have dropped prices and increased the speeds of their networks. San Antonio, the seventh-largest city in the nation, is the largest project that Google Fiber has taken on to date.

On August 5, 2015, expansion into San Antonio was announced.[53] As of December 2016, construction is underway.[54] However, in January 2017, construction was halted pending concerns about the placement of Google Fiber huts in city parks.[55][56] Mayor Ivy Taylor expressed commitment to working with Google to address community concerns and allow the project to continue.[57]

As of May 9, 2019 Google Fiber micro-trenched 600 miles of fiber in San Antonio neighborhoods. City staff say the majority is on the far Northwest and Northeast sides, including the pilot area in the Westover Hills neighborhood. After closing service in Louisville, KY the company said it learned from its challenges and refined its micro-trenching program to go deeper. According to the company, its Louisville microtrenching was as shallow as two inches. City staff said San Antonio’s trenching depth was 6-8 inches.[58]

Huntsville, Alabama

On February 22, 2016, Google announced that Google Fiber would expand into Huntsville, Alabama.[59] Google Fiber announced it would start offering high-speed Internet, TV and telephone service in north Huntsville on May 23, 2017. [60] On April 2, 2018 Huntsville Utilities continues to build fiber in Southeast Huntsville which have been turned over to Google fiber to service.[61]

Closed and former locations

Louisville, Kentucky

In April 2017, Google announced that Google Fiber would start construction in Louisville, Kentucky.[62] Google Fiber got the service to sections of Louisville in five months after it first announced that it would be coming to the city—faster than it had ever deployed before—by using shallow trenching.[63][64] In February 2019 Google announced it would shut down service on April 15.[65] Prior to departing, Google Fiber service was criticized for disruptive infrastructure installations and poor workmanship.[66] Google agreed to pay $3.8 million for clean up.[67]

Possible future expansion

2014

In February 2014, Google announced it had "invited cities in nine metro areas around the U.S.—34 cities altogether—to work with us to explore what it would take to bring them Google Fiber."[68]

The remaining metropolitan areas where Fiber has not yet begun constructing are: Phoenix, Portland, San Antonio and San Jose.[68] Of these, the following have yet to be selected by Google for fiber deployments:[69]

On April 15, 2014, Google began polling business users on their need for gigabit service, that they would be "conducting a pilot program where we'll connect a limited number of small businesses to our network."[71]

2015

On September 10, 2015, Google tweeted[72] that it was exploring the possibility of adding Irvine and San Diego, California, as future expansion cities.

On October 28, 2015, Jill Szuchmacher, Google Fiber Director of Expansion, announced ongoing negotiations with local governments in Jacksonville, Florida, Tampa, Florida, and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Szuchmacher stated that Google is interested in the installation of Google Fiber networks in each of the cities and that construction could take up to eighteen months once the project is underway.[73] In October 2016, those plans were put on hold.[70]

On December 8, 2015, the Seattle City Council's Director of Communications replied to a tweet indicating that the city was in the process of applying for Google Fiber service.[74] On December 8, 2015, Jill Szuchmacher said the company will work with Chicago city leaders to collect information and study factors that could affect construction of Google Fiber.[75]

2016

On June 14, 2016, Jill Szuchmacher said the company will work with Dallas mayor Mike Rawlings to try to bring another hub to Texas.[76]

In October 2016, all expansion plans were put on hold and some jobs were cut.[70] Google Fiber will continue to provide service in the cities where it is already installed.

2017

In 2017 Google Fiber launched in three new cities: Huntsville, Alabama; Louisville, Kentucky; and San Antonio, Texas.[64] It also began to heavily rely on shallow trenching, a new method of laying cables that cut a small groove in the street or sidewalk, lay the fiber in that groove, and backfill it with a special epoxy, to expedite the construction process.[63] In at least one case, cables were buried too shallow and were ripped up by repaving.[77]

Acquisition of Webpass

On June 22, 2016, Google Fiber bought Webpass, an Internet service provider that has been in business for 13 years and specializes in high-speed Internet for business and residential customers. They have a large presence틀:Clarify in California and specifically the Bay Area as well as San Diego, Miami, Miami Beach, Coral Gables, Chicago, and Boston. The deal closed in October 2016.[78][79]

Technical specifications

Google Fiber provides an Internet connection speed of up to one gigabit per second (1,000 Mbit/s) for both download and upload,[80] which is roughly 100 times faster access than what most Americans have.[9] Google Fiber says its service allows for the download of a full movie in less than two minutes.[81]

In order to use gigabit speeds, devices would require support for Gigabit Ethernet and category 5e or greater cabling, or a 802.11ac compatible WiFi router and wireless adapter.[note 1][82]

Prohibition of servers

When first launched, Google Fiber's terms of service stated that its subscribers were not allowed to create any type of server: "Your Google Fiber account is for your use and the reasonable use of your guests. Unless you have a written agreement with Google Fiber permitting you do so, you should not host any type of server using your Google Fiber connection, use your Google Fiber account to provide a large number of people with Internet access, or use your Google Fiber account to provide commercial services to third parties (including, but not limited to, selling Internet access to third parties)."[83]

The Electronic Frontier Foundation criticized the practice, noting the ambiguity of the word "server" which might (or might not) include such common application protocols as BitTorrent, and Spotify, as well as the effect of and on IPv6 adoption due its lack of NAT technical limitations on network servers, but also noted similar prohibitions from other ISPs such as Comcast, Verizon, Cox, and AT&T.[84]

In October 2013, the acceptable use policy for Google Fiber was modified to allow "personal, non-commercial use of servers".[85][86]

April Fools' hoaxes

틀:See also

On April Fools' Day 2007, Google hosted a signup for Google TiSP offering "a fully functional, end-to-end system that provides in-home wireless access by connecting your commode-based TiSP wireless router to one of thousands of TiSP Access Nodes via fiber-optic cable strung through your local municipal sewage lines."[87]

On April Fools' Day 2012, Google Fiber announced that their product was an edible Google Fiber bar instead of fiber-optic Internet broadband. It is stated that the Google Fiber bar delivers "what the body needs to sustain activity, energy, and productivity."[88]

On April Fools' Day 2013, Google Fiber announced the introduction of Google Fiber to the Pole. The description provided was "Google Fiber to the Pole provides ubiquitous gigabit connectivity to fiberhoods across Kansas City. This latest innovation in Google Fiber technology enables users to access Google Fiber's ultrafast gigabit speeds even when they are out and about." Clicking on the "Learn more" and "Find a pole near you" buttons displayed a message reading "April Fool’s! While Fiber Poles don’t exist, we are working on a bunch of cool stuff that does. Keep posted on all things Fiber by checking out our blog."[89]

The April Fools' Day 2014 prank was an announcement of Coffee To The Home, using a spout on the fiber jack where the service enters the customer's home to deliver customized coffee drinks.[90]

On April Fools' Day 2015, Google Fiber announced Dial-Up Mode for people who prefer slower Internet. It reaches speeds up to 56k and helps people get back to real life more often.[91]

For the 2016 April Fools' Day joke, Google Fiber announced it was "exploring 1 billion times faster speeds".[92]

Reactions

Time Magazine has claimed that rather than wanting to actually operate as an Internet service provider, the company was just hoping to shame the major cable operators into improving their service so that Google searches could be done faster. Google has neither confirmed nor denied this claim.[15]

AT&T and other Internet Service Providers have launched their own gigabit services since Google Fiber was revealed. Some cable subscribers have also had their speeds increased without additional costs.[93]

According to a Goldman Sachs report, Google could connect approximately 830,000 homes a year at the cost of $1.25 billion a year, or a total of 7.5 million homes in nine years at a cost of slightly over $10 billion.[94]

In January 2014 a bill was introduced in the Kansas Legislature (Senate Bill 304, referred to as the "Municipal Communications Network and Private Telecommunications Investment Safeguards Act") which would prevent Google Fiber from expanding further in Kansas using the model used in Kansas City.[95][96] The bill proposes: "Except with regard to unserved areas, a municipality may not, directly or indirectly:

  1. Offer to provide to one or more subscribers, video, telecommunications or broadband service; or
  2. purchase, lease, construct, maintain or operate any facility for the purpose of enabling a private business or entity to offer, provide, carry, or deliver video, telecommunications or broadband service to one or more subscribers."

By February 2014, Senate Bill 304 (SB304) had lost momentum in the Kansas state senate, and the bill's sponsor, Kansas Cable Telecommunications Association (KCTA), indicated that it is highly unlikely that it will continue to pursue the legislation in the current legislative session.[97]

See also

Notes

각주

  1. ↑ Daisuke Wakabayashi. “Google Curbs Expansion of Fiber Optic Network, Cutting Jobs”, 2016년 10월 25일 작성.
  2. ↑ Helft, Miguel, “Hoping for Gift From Google? Go Jump in the Lake”, 《The New York Times》, 2010년 3월 21일 작성.
  3. ↑ “Google Fiber ‘Very Pleased’ with TV Sign-Ups”, 《Multichannel News》, 2016년 9월 9일 작성. 2016년 9월 18일 확인.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Ultra high-speed broadband is coming to Kansas City, Kansas. Google.com.
  5. ↑ Google announces experimental FTTH network plans - Lightwave. Lightwaveonline.com (2010년 2월 10일). 2015년 6월 4일에 확인.
  6. ↑ Copeland, Michael V., “Eric Schmidt Says Google Fiber Won't Stop With Kansas City”, 《Wired.com》, 2012년 12월 12일 작성. 2015년 6월 4일 확인.
  7. ↑ Google Fiber plans service in San Antonio, its biggest city yet. Ars Technica (2015년 8월 5일).
  8. ↑ Bergen, Mark. “Meet Google Alphabet's Access and Energy Division”, 《Vox Media》, 2015년 11월 30일 작성.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 틀:Cite web
  10. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  11. ↑ 틀:Cite web
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  17. ↑ 틀:Cite web
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  20. ↑ 틀:Cite news
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  24. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  25. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  26. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  27. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  28. ↑ "Prairie Village approves deal for Google Fiber", Jonathan Bender, Kansas City Star, August 5, 2013. Retrieved September 18, 2013.
  29. ↑ 틀:Cite web
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  31. ↑ 틀:Cite web
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  35. ↑ 틀:Cite web
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  39. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  40. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  41. ↑ 틀:Cite web틀:Dead link
  42. ↑ 틀:Cite web틀:Dead link
  43. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  44. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  45. ↑ 틀:Cite tweet
  46. ↑ 틀:Cite tweet
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 틀:Cite web
  48. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  49. ↑ Lauren K. Ohnesorge (September 12, 2016). It's Here: Where Google Fiber is starting its Triangle service - Triangle Business Journal
  50. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  51. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  52. ↑ 틀:Cite web
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  58. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  59. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  60. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  61. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  62. ↑ 틀:Cite news
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 틀:Cite web
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 틀:Cite web
  65. ↑ Google Fiber is leaving Louisville in humiliating setback. The Verge. 7 February 2019.
  66. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  67. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 틀:Cite web
  69. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 70.2 70.3 70.4 틀:Cite web
  71. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  72. ↑ 틀:Cite tweet
  73. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  74. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  75. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  76. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  77. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  78. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  79. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  80. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  81. ↑ 틀:Cite news
  82. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  83. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  84. ↑ 틀:Cite news
  85. ↑ 틀:Cite news
  86. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  87. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  88. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  89. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  90. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  91. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  92. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  93. ↑ "The Wait-for-Google-to-Do-It Strategy.", James Surowiecki, MIT Technology Review, July 2015. Retrieved April 2017.
  94. ↑ "Google Fiber Could Reach 8 Million Homes By 2022", Elise Ackerman, Forbes, June 14, 2013. Retrieved September 2013.
  95. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  96. ↑ 틀:Cite web
  97. ↑ 틀:Cite web

References

각주


External links

틀:Commons category

  • 틀:Blogger

틀:Alphabet Inc. 틀:Google Inc. 틀:Internet service providers of the United States 틀:CATV USA

틀:United States wireless communications service providers

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