사용자:하늘/메모장/UK 개러지

'UK Garge'는 'UKG'로 약칭되며 1990년대 초반부터 중반까지 영국에서 시작된 일렉트로닉 음악 장르다. 이 장르는 개러지 하우스, 컨템포러리 R & B, 정글 음악 및 댄스 팝과 같은 스타일을 배합했다. 일반적으로 베이스라인을 4/4 브레이크 비트 리듬으로 만들고 싱코 파트 하이햇, 심벌즈 및 스네어를 넣는 것이 특징이며 때때로 불규칙한 킥 드럼 패턴이 포함된다. 개러지 트랙은 또한 일반적으로 '잘린'및 오디오 시간 확장 및 피치 스케일링 | 시간 확장 또는 피치 이동 보컬 샘플을 일반적으로 약 130BPM의 템포에서 기본 리듬 구조를 보완합니다. UK 개러지는 스피드 개러지와 2-스텝 개러지와 같은 하위 장르를 낳았으며 2000년대 중반에는 베이스라인, 그라임 및 덥스텝을 포함한 다른 스타일의 음악 및 프로덕션에 주로 포함되었습니다. 2000년대 중반 UK 개러지의 쇠퇴는 밀접한 관련이있는 UK funky를 탄생하게 했다.

기원

1990년대 초반부터 중반까지 영국에서 하우스 음악의 진화로 이전에 Paradise Garage DJs가 만든 용어가 스피드 개러지로 알려진 새로운 형태의 음악에 적용되었다. 90년대 초, 스피드 개러지의 선구자 인 미국 DJ Todd Edwards는 여전히 미국에 거주하면서 더 많은 영혼의 하우스 레코드를 리믹스하고 일반 하우스 레코드보다 더 많은 타임 시프트와 보컬 샘플을 통합하기 시작했다. 그러나 North London DJ 인 DJ EZ가 Edwards의 트랙 중 하나를 획득하여 영국 그리니치의 나이트 클럽에서 더 빠른 템포로 연주 할 때까지 음악 장르가 실제로 인기를 얻었습니다.

90년대 후반에 "UK 개러지"라는 용어가 씬에 정착되었다. 이 스타일은 현재 소울 음악, 힙합, 레게, 라가 및 컨템포러리 R&B와 같은 다른 형태의 음악과 자주 결합되며, 모두 어반(도시적인) 음악에 대한 설명으로 광범위하게 적용됩니다. UK 개러지의 발음은 틀:IPAc-en 틀:Respell.

Craig David, Grant Nelson, MJ Cole, Artful Dodger, Jaimeson, So Solid Crew, Heartless Crew, the Streets, Shanks & Bigfoot, DJ Luck & MC Neat, Ceri Evans, Oxide & Neutrino 및 기타 수많은 아티스트가 개러지 음악을 내놓았다. 영국의 주류 인 Dizzee Rascal, Wiley 및 Kano의 도착은 개러지의 파생물인 그라임의 인지도를 높였다.

Cole은 "런던은 다문화 도시입니다. 젊은이들의 용광로와 같으며 UK 개러지의 음악에 반영되어 있습니다."

이 장르를 노래에 포함시킨 주목할만한 여성 가수로는 Ms. Dynamite, Kele Le Roc, Shola Ama, Sweet Female Attitude 및 Mis-Teeq이 있다.

역사

정글과의 관계

당시 정글이 매우 인기가 있었던 영국에서는 정글 이벤트의 두 번째 방에서 개러지가 연주되었습니다. 정글이 문화적 중요성에서 정점을 찍은 후, 그것은 더 거칠고 기술적인 영향을 미치는 사운드로 바뀌어 무용수, 주로 여성을 몰아 냈습니다. 170bpm의 정글베이스 라인에서 벗어나 개러지 룸은 130bpm에서 훨씬 더 감각적이고 소울한 사운드를 냈습니다.

DJ는 개러지의 BPM을 높여 영국의 정글 팬들에게 더 적합하도록 만들기 시작했다. 미디어는이 템포 변경 유형의 차고 음악을 "스피드 차고", 4x4, 2 스텝 's 전작이라고 부르기 시작했습니다. DJ는 일반적으로 차고 트랙의 더빙 버전 (보컬이없는 편곡)을 연주합니다. 피치 시프 팅 보컬은 때때로 음악을 인식 할 수 없게 만들 수 있기 때문입니다 (속도가 빨라지고 시간 스트레치 보컬이 중요한 부분이었습니다. 초기 정글 소리, 나중에 스피드 차고에서 중요한 역할을했습니다). 보컬의 부재는 음반에 맞춰 운율을 시작했던 MCs의 음악에 공간을 남겼습니다.

MC의 역할

그 이후로 MCs는 속도와 영국 차고 파티 및 기록의 중요한 측면 중 하나가되었습니다. 스피드 차고의 초기 프로모터에는 Dreem Teem, Tuff Jam, London Underground, Magic FM, Upfront FM, Freek와 같은 해적 라디오 방송국이 포함되었습니다. FM. 초기 단계에서 스피드 차고 장면은 "The Sunday Scene"으로도 알려져있었습니다. 초기에는 스피드 차고 프로모터가 일요일 저녁에만 장소를 고용 할 수 있었기 때문입니다 (장소 소유자는 더 인기있는 음악 스타일을 위해 금요일과 토요일 밤을 저장하는 것을 선호했습니다). 새롭게 떠오르는 스피드 차고 사운드와 동의어가 될 출력을 가진 레이블에는 Confetti, Public Demand, 500 Rekords, Spread Love 및 VIP가 포함되었습니다.

Speed garage

Speed garage already incorporated many aspects of today's UK garage sound like sub-bass lines, ragga vocals, spin backs and reversed drums. What changed over time, until the so-called 2-step sound emerged, was the addition of further funky elements like contemporary R&B styled vocals, more shuffled beats and a different drum pattern. The most radical change from speed garage to 2-step was the removal of the 2nd and 4th bass kick from each bar. Although tracks with only two kick drum beats to a bar are perceived as being slower than the traditional four-to-the-floor beat, the listener's interest is maintained by the introduction of syncopating bass lines and the percussive use of other instruments such as pads and strings.

Speed garage tracks were characterised by a sped-up house-style beat, complemented by the rolling snares and reverse-warped basslines that were popular with drum and bass producers of the time.

Among those credited with honing the speed garage sound, Todd Edwards is often cited as a seminal influence on the UK garage sound. The producer from New Jersey introduced a new way of working with vocals. Instead of having full verses and choruses, he picked out vocal phrases and played them like an instrument, using sampling technology. Often, individual syllables were reversed or pitch-shifted. This type of vocal treatment is still a key characteristic of the UK garage style. Armand Van Helden's speed garage remix of Sneaker Pimps' "Spin Spin Sugar" in 1997 further popularized the genre which is sometimes credited with breaking speed garage into the mainstream. Huge club hits in 1997 came from speed garage duos Double 99, 187 Lockdown and Industry Standard. The former two both scored UK top 20 hits in 1997 and 1998; Double 99's "RipGroove" reached #14 in its second release and 187 Lockdown's "Gunman" and "Kung-Fu" reached #16 and #9, respectively. Industry Standard scored a top 40 hit with "Vol. 1 (What You Want What You Need)" peaking at #34 in January 1998, and the 1997 XL Recordings release of Somore featuring Damon Trueitt's "I Refuse (What You Want)" reached #21 also in January 1998, containing mixes by Industry Standard, Ramsey & Fen, R.I.P. Productions and Serious Danger. The Fabulous Baker Boys scored a #34 hit in 1997 with "Oh Boy" which samples Jonny L's 1992 rave track "Hurt You So". The UK's counterpart to Todd Edwards was MJ Cole, a classically trained oboe and piano player, who had a string of chart and underground hits in the late 1990s and early 2000s, most notably with "Sincere" and "Crazy Love". MJ Cole has also won a BBC "Young Musician of the Year" award.

Two-step (1997–1999)

Arguably one of the earliest examples of a 2-step track is the 1997 Kelly G remix of "Never Gonna Let You Go" by Tina Moore, which peaked at #7 on the UK chart. Roy Davis Jr. was also influential in the UK garage scene, with the huge club hit "Gabriel" featuring Peven Everett, released in 1997 on XL Recordings and reaching #22 on the UK chart. Lovestation released their version of "Teardrops" which reached #14 in 1998. Doolally, the former name of Shanks & Bigfoot, scored a #20 hit in 1998 with "Straight from the Heart". A re-release of this song the following year fared even better, peaking at #9, due to the success of their #1 single "Sweet Like Chocolate". Jess Jackson was responsible for many garage records but one which stood out was "Hobson's Choice". The B-side of this record changed the UK garage scene from funky and soulful to dark and bassy. Another example of the evolution in 2-step was the release of "Troublesome" in 1999 by Shy Cookie and DJ Luck, in which non-sampled 2-step beats were merged with a full ragga vocal (performed by ragga artist Troublesome).

American influences

Timbaland, a popular contemporary R&B producer in America, was the major innovator behind contemporary R&B at the time, from which UK rave culture borrowed heavily. The use of rhythmic patterns as melodic hooks is shared by both contemporary R&B and jungle, making it very appealing to the significantly ex-junglist UK garage scene. This style of Timbaland's R&B possesses a breakbeat aesthetic: breakup of the flow of four-to-the-floor rhythm, hesitations into the groove, and teasing and tantalizing gaps. As much as these R&B influences can be heard in early UK garage, the genre offered more complex drum beats, with heavy syncopation (swing) and a more energetic feel due to a higher tempo (normally between 130 and 138 BPM). However, in tracks like "Twentyfourseven" by Artful Dodger, a slower and simpler R&B infused drum pattern can be heard. This was to allow for these tracks to be aimed at a more commercial scene rather than for the dance floor. Garage producers then proceeded to churn out UK versions of US contemporary R&B hits, notably with Brandy and Monica's "The Boy Is Mine". The Architechs sped up the vocals through time-stretching and added sound effects to increase the competitive nature. "B&M Remix" eventually sold twenty thousand copies as a bootleg.

Also borrowed from US contemporary R&B is the use of "vocal science", the technique of digitally altering vocal samples with devices such as the Autotuner. What results is a posthuman mix between person and technology.

1999–2000: Role of pirate radio, UK chart success

With the continued support of pirate radio stations such as Rinse FM, Ice FM, Deja Vu, and Flex FM, the soaring popularity of UK garage saw 1999 take the genre into the mainstream, breaking into the music charts. Production duos Shanks & Bigfoot and Artful Dodger were very successful with the tracks "Sweet Like Chocolate" and "Re-Rewind", respectively. After the platinum-selling success of "Sweet Like Chocolate", the floodgates had opened. Although "Re-Rewind" was denied a #1 position by Cliff Richard and his song "The Millennium Prayer", it was also a platinum seller, one of the garage scene's first and last. They became anthems for the 2-step scene, and got onto BBC's Top of the Pops. Other huge hits in 1999 include the #1 house/garage anthem "You Don't Know Me" by Armand Van Helden. Although not UK garage, Mr. Oizo's #1 single "Flat Beat" received extensive airplay on pirate radio stations upon release, thus leading to numerous UK garage/2-step remixes of the track. Da Click (Pied Piper, MC Creed, PSG, Unknown MC and singer Valerie M) had a #14 hit with "Good Rhymes". Garage trio the Dreem Teem had a #15 hit with "Buddy X 99", a garage remix of Neneh Cherry's 1992 song "Buddy X". DJ Luck & MC Neat also had a chart hit with "A Little Bit of Luck" in late 1999 into early 2000.

Many more UK garage acts followed into the new millennium by releasing commercially successful singles, thus making UK garage and 2-step a stable fixture on the UK charts for the next couple of years. Debut singles of various UK garage artists were hitting the number one spot on the UK charts. Craig David's debut solo single "Fill Me In", a mix of R&B and 2-step, with single formats containing various garage remixes of the track, hit #1 in April 2000. A month later, Oxide & Neutrino's "Bound 4 Da Reload (Casualty)" reached the top of the charts. Other top 10 hits in 2000 include Artful Dodger's "Movin' Too Fast" (#2), "Woman Trouble" (#6) and "Please Don't Turn Me On" (#4), Sweet Female Attitude's "Flowers" (#2), True Steppers' "Buggin" (#6) and "Out of Your Mind" (#2), B-15 Project's "Girls Like Us" (#7), DJ Luck & MC Neat's "Masterblaster 2000" (#5) and "Ain't No Stoppin' Us" (#8), MJ Cole's "Crazy Love" (#10), Wookie's "Battle" (#10), Lonyo's "Summer of Love" (#8), Architechs' "Body Groove" (#3) and Oxide & Neutrino's "No Good 4 Me" (#6). Another huge hit in 2000 was the Timo Maas remix of the song "Dooms Night" (#8) by German producer Azzido Da Bass, which was heavily associated with UK garage at the time, having become a major club hit and appearing on several UK garage compilations. It was also remixed by garage duo Stanton Warriors.

2001 hits

2001 gave DJ Pied Piper and the Masters of Ceremonies their one and only number one hit record with "Do You Really Like It?". Two months later in August 2001, South London collective So Solid Crew hit the top spot with their second single "21 Seconds". The end of 2001 saw yet another 2-step anthem reach the top of the UK charts for Daniel Bedingfield, with his debut single "Gotta Get Thru This". Other top 10 hits in 2001 include the Sunship mixes of Mis-Teeq's "Why" (#8), "All I Want" (#2) and "One Night Stand" (#5), Artful Dodger's "TwentyFourSeven" (#6), Liberty's "Thinking It Over" (#5), Oxide & Neutrino's "Up Middle Finger" (#7) and So Solid Crew's "They Don't Know" (#3).

2002: 2-step and grime

2002 saw an evolution as 2-step moved away from its funky and soul-oriented sound into a darker direction called "grime", now a genre in its own right. During this period, traditional UK garage was pushed back underground amongst the bad publicity emanating from the tougher side of the genre, and publicised violence surrounding members of the So Solid Crew. Nonetheless, several UK garage songs did appear on the charts from 2002 to 2004, including Heartless Crew's "The Heartless Theme" (#21), Distant Soundz' version of "Time After Time" (#20), So Solid Crew's "Ride wid Us" (#19) and "Haters" (#8), Ladies First's version of "I Can't Wait" (#19), Pay As U Go's "Champagne Dance" (#13), Mr Reds vs DJ Skribble's "Everybody Come On (Can U Feel It)" (#13), Mis-Teeq's "B with Me" (#5), Jaimeson's "True" (#4) and 3 of a Kind's "Baby Cakes" which was a number one hit in August 2004.

Notable early grime artists around 2001–03 include Ruff Sqwad, More Fire Crew, Dizzee Rascal (who released his debut album Boy in da Corner in 2003), Roll Deep and Wiley.

During this time, there was also a strong division of class in UK garage. In the heyday of garage, the late 1990s, it was a highly aspirational genre. When people went to the club to hear garage, they dressed stylish and smart. Clubs like Twice as Nice enforced a dress code. Having a formal dress code took the importance placed on nice clothes from a style to exclusionary. The dress code in clubs like Twice as Nice were meant to "encourage people to make an effort" and "keep trouble out." But when the dress code of no tennis shoes, jeans, or baseball caps only kept white college students out, the club installed a metal detector, because "gangstas like to dress expensive," but theoretically could still carry a gun. Eventually, when groups like So Solid Crew attracted more urban, lower-class audiences to raves because of their lyrics over the garage tracks, garage began to transition to grime because previous audiences were less likely to listen, so radios and clubs stopped giving garage opportunities.

2007: Garage revival

In 2007, several DJs helped promote and revive UK garage's popularity, with producers creating new UK garage, also known as "new skool" UK garage or "bassline".

The end of 2007 saw "new skool" UK garage push to the mainstream again with notable tracks such as T2's "Heartbroken" and H "Two" O's "What's It Gonna Be" both reaching the mainstream charts. The revival was galvanised by DJ EZ releasing Pure Garage Rewind: Back to the Old Skool, which contained three CDs of "old skool" UK garage and a fourth CD with fresh "new skool" UK garage.

2010s resurgence

Early 2011 saw the start of a gradual resurgence of 2-step garage. Producers such as Wookie, MJ Cole, Zed Bias and Mark Hill (formerly one half of Artful Dodger) made a return to the scene, by producing tracks with more of a 2-step feel. Electronic music duos Disclosure and AlunaGeorge, both successful throughout 2012 and 2013, often use elements of UK garage in their music, and arguably, some of their biggest hits including "You & Me" and "We Are Chosen" respectively, are entirely 2-step with an updated cleaner sound. Shortly following this, "original" style garage had made a return in a big way, with producers such as Moony, DJD and Tuff Culture paving the way. One of the genre's pioneering labels, Ice Cream Records, responsible for anthems such as "RipGroove", True Steppers' "Out of Your Mind", Kele Le Roc's "My Love" and more, opened up their permanent roster for the first time to include DJs outside of the legendary trio that launched the label.

AJ Tracey's song "Ladbroke Grove" initially debuted at number 48 on the UK Singles Chart in February 2019, then eventually peaked at number three in October 2019 following its release as a single. In September 2019, the British Phonographic Industry certified the song as Platinum for exceeding chart sales of 600,000. It was one of the best-selling songs of 2019.

Other hits in the 2010s include Toddla T's "Take It Back", All About She's "Higher (Free)", Naughty Boy's "La La La", Shift K3Y's "Touch", Chase & Status' "Blk & Blu", M.O's "Dance On My Own", Disclosure's "Omen" and Craig David's "When the Bassline Drops" and "One More Time".

Genres evolved from garage

Dubstep

The dark garage sound that was being produced by the likes of Wookie, Zed Bias, Shy Cookie, El-B and Artwork (of DND) in the late 1990s would set the groundwork for both grime and dubstep. Developing in parallel to grime, dubstep would take a mostly instrumental stripped down form of dark garage and with it bring in production values and influences from dub reggae.

UK funky

Some UK garage/dubstep/grime/bassline producers have moved to a different sound called UK funky, which takes production values from many different shades of soulful house music with elements of UK garage and blends them at a standard house music tempo, and soca with tribal style percussion from afrobeat.

Future garage

A contemporary offshoot of dubstep heavily influenced by UK garage is future garage.

External links

• UK Garage History & Family Tree Music Is My Sanctuary
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